Preheat the oven to 180°C/350°F. Line two baking sheets or a single large baking sheet with parchment paper or baking paper. Set aside.
In a large bowl (or the bowl of a stand mixer), combine the sugar and lemon zest. Rub the lemon zest into the sugar to release the lemon flavor into the sugar. *Note 3
¾ cup white granulated sugar, zest of 2 lemons
Add the room-temperature butter to the lemon-sugar mixture and beat together until smooth and creamy. This will take about 2-3 minutes.
8 tablespoons butter
Add in the eggs and beat until smooth and creamy. Then add in the lemon juice and vanilla (and lemon extract if using) and beat in until mixed.
2 tablespoons lemon juice, 2 eggs, 2 teaspoons vanilla extract
Add the dry ingredients (almonds, baking powder, salt, and half the flour) to the wet ingredients. Mix through, then add the last bit of flour and mix until a smooth dough forms. You can mix the dough by hand to make the dough smooth and cohesive.
2½ cups plain flour, ½ teaspoon table salt, 2 teaspoons baking powder, ¾ cup almonds
Divide the biscotti dough into two. Take one half, and form it into a rough sausage shape about 20-25cm (7-10 inches) long and about 3-5cm (1-2 inches) wide. Place the rolls onto the prepared lined baking tray. *Note 4
Bake the dough for 30 minutes or until lightly golden brown. Remove them from the oven and allow to cool. You can lift the logs onto a wire rack if needed.
Once the dough has cooled enough to handle, use a sharp knife and slice either straight across or at a slight diagonal to about 1.5 cm-2.5 cm (0.5-1 inch) thick. *Note 5
Place the slices, in a single layer, onto a baking sheet, and bake for the second time for a total of 25-35 minutes. I like to bake them for 10 minutes, then flip them over and bake for 10 minutes, and then prop them on the bottoms and finish off the bake for another 10 minutes. This will dry out the biscotti and give it a deep golden brown color. Remove from the oven and allow to cool completely. *note 6
To make the lemon glaze, mix together the icing sugar and lemon juice, starting with half of the lemon juice and moving up to create a nice pourable glaze. Drizzle over the cooled biscotti.
½ cup icing sugar, 4 teaspoons lemon juice