Preheat the oven to 180°C/350F. Grease and line a 9-inch square cake pan (23cm square) with parchment paper (making sure the baking paper hangs over the sides of the pan to allow for easy removal once the slice has cooled).
In a large bowl, add the softened butter, caster, icing sugar, and salt (if using unsalted butter). Cream using a whisk until soft and well-combined. (*Note 5)
¾ cup butter, ½ cup white granulated sugar, ½ cup icing sugar
Add in the flour and salt and mix with a spoon until a soft pliable dough is formed. Then knead the dough a few times by hand to ensure the dough is fully incorporated.
2 cups plain flour, ½ teaspoon table salt
Press the shortbread crust mixture into the prepared pan. Then use the back of a measuring cup and press the dough firmly into the pan. Prick the dough with a fork throughout and bake for 20 minutes until the base is just slightly golden brown.
While the base is baking, make the lemon bar filling. Place the sugar and lemon zest in a large mixing bowl, or the bowl of a stand mixer. Begin by rubbing the lemon zest into the sugar (*Note 6).
Then add in the flour, and mix through. Then add in the eggs and lemon juice. Beat together for 2-3 minutes.
4 eggs, 1¼ cups white granulated sugar, 4 tablespoons plain flour, zest of 2 lemons, ½ cup lemon juice
When the biscuit base is golden brown it is done. Then pour the lemon filling on top of the baked crust and bake for a further 20 minutes or until the middle just has the slightest jiggling.
Turn off the oven, and prop it open with a wooden spoon, allowing the lemon squares to cool slowly in the oven for an hour. Remove from the oven and allow to cool to room temperature before transferring to the fridge for at least 2 hours or overnight. (*Note 7)
Lift the slice out of the cake pan, and place it on a cutting board. Use a sharp clean knife for clean slices and cut into 20-25 squares. Decorate with a sprinkling of icing or powdered sugar.